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‘Domestic’ refers to papers published in Korean journals; it does not indicate the authors’ nationality.
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An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
Selective Overconfidence: How Large Language Models Underserve Social Welfare Law Across Jurisdictions
This study proposes a knowledge probing methodology to assess whether large language models (LLMs) show differences in confidence of knowledge across diverse legal fields. Experiments on 1, 200 judgments from 3 judicial jurisdictions in Germany, France, and Canada found that in non-English speaking regions, the Llama 3.3 70B model showed a tendency to express less confidence deficiency in social welfare law than in tax law. For instance, among German judgments, 49.8% of tax law questions acknowledged uncertainty, whereas only 6.8% did so in social welfare law. This indicates that the model exhibits excessive confidence regarding social welfare law, suggesting a potential qualitative imbalance in legal information services.
POLICY SHIFTS AND FOREIGN REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT IN VIETNAM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND LAND LAW EVOLUTION
This study systematically reviewed Vietnam's foreign direct investment (FDI) and land law policy changes from 1992 to 2024 and analyzed their impact on real estate investment trends. Using the PRISMA framework and mixed methods, a comprehensive review of major legal changes, policy reforms, macroeconomic fluctuations, and investment data found that investors' confidence in the real estate sector is closely linked to legal transparency, clarity of land acquisition regulations, and macroeconomic stability. Major policy changes such as the 2006 Investment Law and the 2013 Land Law were associated with increases in foreign real estate investment. However, frequent legal amendments and land tenure ambiguities hindered investment inflows. The 2024 Land Law introduced progressive provisions, but issues such as dual pricing and unclear compensation mechanisms persist. The study offers policy recommendations to enhance legal certainty, improve dispute resolution systems, and reform land regulations to meet the expectations of international investors.
From E-Governance to Digital Constitutionalism: An Empirical Legal Analysis of Access, Transparency, Accountability and Citizen Empowerment in India
This study evaluates the quality of e-government law during India's digital administrative transition from an efficiency and rights-based standpoint. Analyzing responses from 120 digital governance users, the effects of e-government policy on satisfaction with accessibility, service, and empowerment were measured via structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated high impact, interpreted in relation to Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution, the Information Technology Act, the Right to Information Act, accessibility laws for the disabled, and the 2025 Supreme Court ruling recognizing digital accessibility as a fundamental right. The study supports a rights-based approach to digital administration, recognizing accessibility, transparency, traceability, reliability, and citizen autonomy as legal principles of public service.
Korean summary not yet available. Please refer to the original article for research content.
Korean summary not yet available. Please refer to the original article for research content.
Korean summary not yet available. Please refer to the original article for research content.
Large language models and human judgement in scientific peer review: evidence from over 1000 published economics papers
Peer review in the field of economics faces issues such as a shortage of reviewers and lengthy review periods. This study analyzed evaluations of over 29000 anonymized papers across 1220 articles using four large language models (LLMs) and confirmed that LLM assessments of paper quality were positively correlated with journal rankings and citation impact. GPT and Gemma showed superior evaluation effectiveness, whereas LLaMA assigned maximum scores to most papers, making differentiation difficult. Additionally, GPT excelled at detecting AI-generated papers, while Claude-generated papers were rated as highest quality, making detection challenging. However, an experiment altering author identity revealed that papers attributed to well-known economists or Western elite institutions received higher scores, and those attributed to non-Western papers received lower scores, demonstrating that human reviewer reputation bias is also present in the models. Therefore, the study suggests that blocking author information is important when utilizing LLMs.
Law and the Political Economy of Bodies that Dance: Subversive Legal Narratives in Spaces that Resist
This study critiques the law’s limitation in treating space as a fixed stage that immobilizes and regulates bodies and identities, exploring how space functions politically and how law interacts with the organization of space. Focusing on venues such as clubs and dance gatherings, it illuminates the socio-legal relationship between law and the moving body, showing that law’s withdrawal from dancing spaces restricts legal imagination concerning spatial justice, human rights, and minority issues. It emphasizes the necessity to reimagine law as a political-economic arena and understand law as a negotiation process addressing social-spatial conflicts.
Economic and Legal Aspects of Improving the Eco-Tourism Industry in the Context of Developing Environmental Well-Being in Russia
This study considers ecotourism as a foundation for organizing environmental activities in protected natural areas. It highlights the need not only for conservation of natural heritage sites but also for integrated infrastructure development of protected and environmentally important areas, and stresses that corporate profits from tourism activities should be considered alongside environmental assessments. Moreover, it importantly presents that budget revenues from infrastructure projects supporting small and medium enterprises continuously impact the public elements of protected areas.
The Promise and Perils of Private Enforcement under EU Law: The Digital Services Act in Context
This paper offers a conceptual analysis of private enforcement under EU law, particularly focusing on damage claims under the Digital Services Act (DSA). It contends that DSA damage claims originate directly from EU law, not simply through declaratory references to national law. In the regulatory theory context, private enforcement may supplement public enforcement, but it poses challenges related to judicial accessibility, motivation for compliance, and democratic legitimacy. Through teleological and systematic interpretation, the paper limits the role of national rules to a supplementary function, evidences risks originating from national case law, and, drawing on GDPR jurisprudence, reconsider damage claims linked with representative actions.
Korean summary not yet available. Please refer to the original article for research content.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
Can you keep a secret? Banning noncompetes does not increase trade secret litigation
This study examined the conventional wisdom that banning non-compete agreements (NCA) increases labor mobility and thus trade secret infringement litigation. By analyzing state-level data on NCA bans for high-wage and low-wage workers and trade secret litigation data from Westlaw and Courthouse News Service, it was found that, in the long term, trade secret lawsuits decrease. This decline is not due to decreases in cases where NCA and trade secret claims are simultaneously filed or weakened reliance on trade secrets; companies rather rely more on trade secret protections after NCA prohibitions. Furthermore, the introduction of the inevitable disclosure doctrine leads to increases in both NCA and trade secret litigation, suggesting the two protection measures are complementary.
Conflicts of interest, ethical standards, and competition in legal services†
This study examines how representative conflicts of interest are managed within the legal profession. Conflicts of interest arise when one law firm represents clients with opposing interests, potentially harming legal procedures and social welfare. The researcher points out that the disqualification approach emphasized by current ethical standards may actually be detrimental to clients. Instead, client interest protection mainly stems from law firms being kept small to reduce the incidence of conflicts of interest. Despite low market concentration, law firms enjoy high profits due to negative network externalities caused by conflicts of interest, which are sustainably maintained in the long term as long as new entries through firm splits continue.
Rewarding failure
Research activities are processes with a high possibility of failure and incompletion. Successful research is rewarded economically through intellectual property rights, but failed research investments are regarded merely as losses. However, failed research also creates valuable information that increases the success probability of subsequent research. Socially, it is desirable for companies to disclose failure information to prevent duplicated failures. However, the current legal system does not provide effective methods to capture and share the value of information created by failed research. This paper analyzes problems of the current unilateral compensation system through a simple stage model and examines various legal and institutional solutions such as informal bankruptcy procedures, patent-like property rights, and prize systems to seek ways to align private and social research incentives.
How much do mandatory minimums matter?
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing (MM) has been identified as a major cause of long-term sentences among federal drug offenders. However, prosecutorial discretion in the indictment process makes it difficult to precisely measure the causal effect of MM. The study shows that prosecutors tend to select racial minority defendants as subject to MM more than white defendants, which leads to biased results in simple analyses. Using regression discontinuity design and extrapolation methods to separate legislative effects from prosecutorial selection effects, the results indicate that MM increases sentence length by approximately 10 months (14%) without evidence of racially differential effects. Thus, racial disparities are suggested to arise from prosecutorial charging decisions rather than the statutory provisions themselves.
Contingent plea agreements for witness testimony
Using a Bayesian jury model, this study examines contingent plea agreements under which a prosecutor offers leniency to an eyewitness conditional on a successful conviction. It considers concerns about perjury and cases in which courts have excluded testimony obtained through such agreements. The effects on Type 1 errors (convicting innocent defendants) and Type 2 errors (acquitting guilty defendants) depend on the precision of additional trial evidence. When that evidence is highly precise, allowing contingency may reduce both errors. A properly designed limit on leniency can also allow both errors to decrease.
Judicial panel selection and strategic behaviour in the Indian Supreme Court: Measuring the performance of Chief Justices
Chief Justices of India have distinctive administrative powers, including the authority to constitute judicial panels to hear cases. An analysis of 20 years of data finds that, as retirement approaches, they act strategically by convening panels favorable to the government and showing a pro-government tendency in their rulings. Similar patterns are observed among chief justices in jurisdictions such as Canada and South Africa, and these judges are also more likely to obtain government positions after retirement. The study suggests that the power to select judicial panels is too consequential to be concentrated in one office holder.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Economic Considerations on the Wage Nature of Managerial Performance Bonuses
This study analyzed whether managerial performance bonuses are recognized as labor costs in firms' employment decisions using panel survey data of enterprises. The presence or payment of performance bonuses showed no significant relationship with overall employment or employment excluding executives, and a partial positive relationship was confirmed only in regular employment. The results of analyses on non-regular workers and large-scale business establishments were also consistent, suggesting that managerial performance bonuses are more likely utilized as a means of maintaining and managing regular employees rather than as labor costs. This study provides empirical evidence regarding the wage characteristics of managerial performance bonuses.
The Law and Economics Perspective on the Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty
Empirical analyses of the death penalty's deterrent effect produce complex and conflicting results, necessitating deeper law and economics discussions. This paper explores the fundamental difficulties in deterrence research focusing on epistemological limits in causal inference and rational choice theory application as well as contextual changes according to social science analytical dimensions. It also distinguishes solvable problems and fundamental challenges and suggests a research agenda for domestic studies.
Generative AI and Copyright: Technical and Economic Nature and Solutions
This study explains that the parameters of language and diffusion models, representing contemporary generative AI, constitute highly transformative products generalizing the statistical rules of language and images, not mere replicates of individual expressions. Since generative AI outputs are designed to create new sequences contextually, denying their transformative nature or dependence relationships across the training process is unjustified. Although copyright holders may seek compensation, such remedies are appropriate only in a mature market phase. At the current stage of adoption, law and judiciary should create space to pursue a new balance by promoting innovation and broadly recognizing fair use.
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The economics of evolutionary programming
This paper presents an economic model of evolutionary computation techniques and analyzes the impact of property rights and liability mechanisms on the balance between exploration and exploitation in evolutionary research. It considers the positive externality whereby superior mutations enhance algorithmic performance benefiting subsequent applications, and the negative externality where inferior mutations cause losses. The study finds that experiments reach an optimal stopping point when combining property rights and liability measures, and suggests that if property rights do not clearly assign ownership of evolutionary gains, liability limitations may serve as an alternative to encourage experimentation.
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Information acquisition and liability for unknowable risk
Some product hazards become externally knowable only after consumer harm occurs. Legal controversy persists about exemption for initial harmed consumers. This study demonstrates that when sellers are liable under strict liability and compensatory damages for unknown risks, sellers’ incentives become distorted. Sellers face dual incentives to secretly conduct excessive testing or to under-test to prevent whistleblowers from disclosing adverse test results. Achieving socially optimal outcomes under strict liability requires punitive and situation-specific damages for unknown risks. Meanwhile, granting exemption for unknown risks removes inefficiencies without complicated damages.
How Does Private Firm Patenting Affect Antitakeover Provisions in Corporate Charters? Evidence from Initial Public Offerings
Through analysis using patent examiners' leniency as an instrumental variable, this study shows that firms holding more numerous and qualitatively superior pre-IPO patents tend to include a greater number of stronger anti-takeover provisions (ATPs) in their corporate bylaws at IPO. The study investigates two mechanisms by which pre-IPO patents influence the number and strength of ATPs: one is the 'management entrenchment' effect, where ATPs simply protect management; the other is the 'long-term value creation' effect, where ATPs provide management time to create sustained value, thereby increasing firm value. The analysis finds that the long-term value creation mechanism predominates in explaining the relationship between pre-IPO patents and ATPs.
Nixing the Judge: Peremptory Challenges of Judges and Strategic Behavior
This study analyzes the use and impact of challenge rights in California courts, which allow parties to disqualify a judge without providing reasons. The system permits each party to disqualify one judge per case without justification if they perceive bias, with the judge being immediately removed upon challenge. The authors propose a strategic behavior model wherein parties exercise challenge rights when the newly assigned judge has a high probability of favoring them, and they empirically confirm evidence of such strategic behavior using civil case data from Los Angeles County.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
An abstract-based summary is being prepared. The original paper and bibliographic information are available in the meantime.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Auditor’s liability, audit quality and inflation: an economic analysis
This paper analyzes how increased audit quality and related variables interact amid recent inflation in the European Union using an economic model. It studies the influence of rising variable audit costs on auditors' choices of audit effort, demonstrating that legally fixed nominal liability limits coupled with cost increases can degrade audit quality. Audit quality deterioration and overall increases in audit costs ultimately result in higher audit fees being passed on to the auditee. The paper emphasizes the importance of balancing audit value and liability limits from the perspectives of both regulators and auditees. Due to differences between inflation and rising audit costs and potential claim uncertainties, no fixed optimal audit quality maintenance solution exists. Accordingly, periodic adjustment of legal liability limits is essential for sustaining audit quality.
Ideology and the scope of judicial discretion: evidence from the federal district courts
This study analyzes how ideological decision-making tendencies change when judicial discretion is expanded in federal district courts. Following a unanimous Supreme Court ruling that increased discretion to award attorney's fees in patent litigation, conservative judges showed a marked increase in awarding fees, while progressive judges showed no change. This effect was not observed in copyright litigation, where there was no such expansion of discretion, reflecting conservative judges' preference for suppressing unnecessary lawsuits. The findings also suggest that procedural decisions may exert an asymmetrical influence on ideological outcomes.
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The green transition and competition in public procurement
European public procurement regulations have recently been revised to promote green procurement. Traditionally, public procurement’s primary purpose was optimal economic value, but the scope of incorporating secondary objectives, such as environmental policies, has expanded. Analyzing public contract data from major French cities between 2017 and 2019, findings show that introducing green criteria reduces the number of competing firms and tends to increase winning bid prices due both to decreased competition and the green standards themselves.
Did the merger strategy towards optimal scale go too far? The case of Swedish district courts
This study analyzes whether the court merger policy in the Swedish public sector improved efficiency by leveraging economies of scale. Based on data from 2000 to 2016, estimation of scale elasticity shows that while most lower courts in the early 2000s were smaller than the optimal size, by 2016 approximately 40% had reached the optimal size and 20% were oversized. This illustrates both the potential and the limits of mergers in demand-based services within the public sector.
Hidden ownership in suspicious transactions - experimental evidence on anti-money laundering reporting priorities in Norway
This study analyzed, through a randomized choice experiment, whether opaque ownership receives sufficient attention compared to other risk signals in suspicious transaction reports made by Norwegian anti-money laundering (AML) experts. The results indicate that unknown sources of funds most significantly increased the likelihood of suspicious transaction reporting, and that opaque ownership also increased reporting likelihood but to about half the extent of unknown sources. This suggests that although ownership information is internationally recognized as important, field experts may pay relatively less attention to this risk signal. Meanwhile, experts judged that there is little difference between actual reported transactions and those that should be reported, evaluating the current AML reporting system as functioning well.
Financial innovation and local governments investment
Local public investment is essential for infrastructure development and long-term growth. Unlike the central government, local governments face limited options between debt and tax funding due to fiscal rules and constraints on access to financial markets. This study applies Williamson's (1988) transaction cost theory to local finance, conceptualizing debt as a rule-based market governance structure and taxation as a discretionary hierarchical governance structure. In stable environments, debt is preferred, whereas in unstable conditions tax funding is favored. Through the case of the French local debt crisis of 2010, it was observed that before the crisis, structured loans had no impact on investment, but after the crisis, exposed local governments reduced investment, avoided debt, and expanded own funding. This demonstrates the governance nature of fiscal decision-making at the local level and extends corporate financial theory to public finance.
Embedded courts under campaign-style enforcement: How top-down reforms reshape conditional justice in China
Analyzing over 36 million court records in China, this study investigates the effects of bottom-up reforms aimed at preventing local governments from pressuring dismissals of administrative lawsuits. After the reform, the total number of cases temporarily increased, but sensitive land-related disputes remained stable. Although cases were increasingly dismissed without adjudication, the likelihood of plaintiffs winning in trials significantly rose. Combining quantitative analysis with qualitative evidence, it reveals that local courts strategically utilize top-down directives to pursue local separation of powers. Such mobilization-style reforms enable the judiciary to gain supremacy over the executive branch; while citizens’ access to justice remains selectively controlled, the political dependence of local courts tends to decrease.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
Only bibliographic information is currently provided. Please check the original text for research content.
The Impact of U.S. Tariff Policies on Korean Automobile Parts Exports
Due to the recent strengthening of U.S. protectionist policies and the imposition of high tariffs, Korean products have faced substantial setbacks in exports to the U.S. Analysis of import demand and market share changes for Korean products in the U.S. from 2016 to 2023 shows that tariff imposition has reduced import demand and substitution effects, estimating a decline in Korean exports to the U.S. of about 178 billion and 9 million dollars. Particularly in the automobile parts sector, an increase in tariff rates by 1% compared to competing countries results in approximately a 2.5% decrease in exports.
A Comparative Study on the Penal System of the Substantive Penal Provisions of Statutory Criminal Law - Focusing on the Comparison with Japanese Criminal Law -
This study empirically analyzed the structural characteristics and formation criteria of statutory punishments by comparing the penal system of the Special Provisions of the Korean Enacted Criminal Law enacted in 1953 with the 1940 revised draft criminal code and the 1947 criminal law of Japan. The Enacted Criminal Law shows high similarity with the 1940 revised draft of the Japanese criminal code and tends toward a moderate punishment approach by setting relatively high statutory minimum sentences. Whereas the Japanese penal code stipulates imprisonment only for property crimes, the Enacted Criminal Law offers both imprisonment and fines as options, reflecting proportional sentencing considerations. For negligence crimes, the Enacted Criminal Law also provides selective imposition of imprisonment and fines, reflecting criminal policy design. For habitual offenders, it establishes strict increased penalties, distinguished from Japanese criminal law by its independent features. This study contributes to a systematic understanding of the overall structure and characteristics of the Enacted Criminal Law's penal system.
The Law and Economics of Queuing: Good Lines, Bad Lines, Strange Lines
This study presents a law and economics analytical framework of queuing, highlighting that queuing originates from resource scarcity and that the order is perceived as a right. It reviews inefficiencies caused by unavoidable queuing and the innovative strategies of relevant actors, analyzing the adverse effects of artificial queuing created by government price control policies with key law and economics concepts including the Coase theorem. The study also briefly explores policy measures to alleviate queuing inefficiencies.
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Law and economics and related studies are collected from publicly available academic metadata from Crossref and OpenAlex. 'Domestic' is classified by domestic academic journal standards. Some papers or abstracts may not be available depending on the update timing and the scope of information provided by each source.
If only the month or year of publication is disclosed, it is displayed up to that range. Records without verifiable dates are placed at the end of the list. Links to full texts are addresses provided by the source, and actual access conditions can be confirmed with the respective providers.
‘GPT Abstract Summary’ is displayed only when generated based on the original abstract. Generated summaries are not shown for papers that have only bibliographic information. Summaries do not substitute for full texts and do not represent the official views of Professor Haksoo Ko or the Seoul National University Center for Law & Economics.