SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY · CENTER FOR LAW & ECONOMICS
Center for Law & Economics, Seoul National UniversityCENTER FOR LAW & ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS · RESEARCH RECORD
GlobalDigital economy

The cost of not innovating: Frontier AI models, cyber defence, and EU strategic autonomy

AT A GLANCE

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The cyber threat landscape changed dramatically in April 2026 with the emergence of frontier AI models from OpenAI and Anthropic. Access to these models

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